What Happened with the Christians of North Africa and Levant? |Occurred to them|||Followers of Christ|from among||||Eastern Mediterranean region Was geschah mit den Christen in Nordafrika und der Levante? What Happened with the Christians of North Africa and Levant? ¿Qué pasó con los cristianos del norte de África y Levante? Qu'est-il arrivé aux chrétiens d'Afrique du Nord et du Levant ? Cosa è successo ai cristiani del Nord Africa e del Levante? 北アフリカとレバントのキリスト教徒に何が起こったのか？ 북아프리카와 레반트의 기독교인들은 어떻게 되었나요? Kas nutiko Šiaurės Afrikos ir Levanto krikščionims? Co się stało z chrześcijanami z Afryki Północnej i Lewantu? O que aconteceu aos cristãos do Norte de África e do Levante? Что случилось с христианами Северной Африки и Леванта? Kuzey Afrika ve Levant Hıristiyanlarına Ne Oldu? Що сталося з християнами Північної Африки та Леванту? 北非和黎凡特的基督徒发生了什么？ 北非和黎凡特的基督徒怎么了？

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we are at the end of the third century 我們正處於第三世紀末

the Roman Empire is at its biggest a ||||auf dem Höhepunkt||| |||||its peak size|| 羅馬帝國正處於鼎盛時期

well administrated structure with |gut verwaltete Struktur|| efficiently managed||| 管理良好的結構

institutions laws strong military and Institutionen|||| 機構 法律 強大的軍事力量

religion but with corruption migrators |||Korruption in Religion|Korruptionsmigranten der Religion |||Spiritual decay|corrupt religious leaders ||||migradores de corrupción 宗教但有腐敗移民

and other problems as well 以及其他問題

religion in the Roman Empire compressed |||||komprimiert ||||Império| 羅馬帝國的宗教被壓縮

the practices and beliefs in the Romans |||cultural convictions||| |||as práticas e crenças dos romanos||| 羅馬人的習俗和信仰

regarded as their own as well as the angesehen als||||||| considered|||Possession or belonging|||| 被視為自己的以及

many cults imported to Rome or practices |Kulte||||| 許多邪教或習俗傳入羅馬

of other people and provinces the ||||Provinzen|

religion could be interpreted as |||interpretiert werden als|

polytheistic the presence of Greeks on polytheistisch||Anwesenheit||Griechen| ||||Greek deities present|

the Italian peninsula from the beginning ||italienische Halbinsel Anfang||| 義大利半島從一開始

of their historical period influenced 他們的歷史時期的影響

Roman culture introducing some religious 羅馬文化引進了一些宗教

practices that became as fundamental as

the cult of Apolo |der Kult Apollons|| 對阿波羅的崇拜

the Romans looked for common ground ||||shared understanding|shared understanding 羅馬人找共同點

between their major gods and those of 他們的主神和那些主神之間

the Greeks adapting Greek myths and ||anpassen|||

iconography for Latin literature and Ikonographie der lateinischen Literatur|||| Symbolic imagery|||| 拉丁文學的圖像學和

Roman art as the Etruscans had the 伊特魯裡亞人的羅馬藝術

Romans thought of themselves as highly |||of their identity|| 羅馬人自認地位高

religious and attributed their success ||zugeschrieben|| religiösen und führten ihren Erfolg zurück 宗教並將他們的成功歸功於

as a world power to their collective Pia ||||||kollektiven Pia| |||||||collective strength als Weltmacht auf ihre kollektive Pia zurückzuführen 作為他們集體 Pia 的世界強國

T in maintaining good relations with the The importance||keeping up|||| beim Aufrechterhalten guter Beziehungen mit den 與T保持良好關係

gods

one way that Rome promoted stability 羅馬促進穩定的一種方式

among diverse peoples was by supporting within||||| 不同民族之間的關係是透過支持

their religious heritage inscriptions ||religiöses Erbe|religiöse Erbeinschriften 他們的宗教遺產銘文

throughout the Empire record the across the entire|||| 整個帝國的記錄

side-by-side worship of local and Roman 當地和羅馬的並行崇拜

gods including dedications made by 諸神，包括所做的奉獻

Romans to local gods 羅馬人對當地神靈的崇拜

Christianity started in Judea a province 基督教起源於猶太省

of the Empire as a religious sect in the ||||||Sekte|| 帝國作為宗教派別

1st century AD the new religions spread ||||||gained followers rapidly ||d.C.||||

out of Jerusalem as more and more people

became followers important places for

Christians started to exist in Antioch |||||Syrian city |||||Antioquia

and across the Levant and even in Egypt |||Levantine Region||||

especially in Alexandria in the next

centuries in the empire as well as

beyond the new cult grew more and more ||||expanded|||

conflicts and persecutions existed with ||Verfolgungen||

martyrdoms occurring most often under Märtyrertode unter|auftreten||| sacrificial deaths under||||

the authority of local officials the

Christian communities in North Africa

were among the earliest in the world "existed as"|part of||first to exist|||

legend has it that Christianity was

brought from Jerusalem to Alexandria on transported from|||||

the egyptian coast by mark one of the ||Egyptian shoreline||highlight|||

four evangelists in 60 ad in the early

4th century Constantine the first became fourth|||||

the first emperor to convert to ||Kaiser||konvertieren zu|

Christianity which became the dominant ||||dominierend

religion of the empire by the fifth

century many causes have been seen as

deleting the decline of Christianity and Löschen von Rückgang||Rückgang||| ||||o declínio do Cristianismo e|

Maghreb one of them is the constant wars Northwest Africa||||||| Magreb|||||||

and conquests as well as persecutions in |Eroberungen|||||bei |territorial gains||||| i podboje, jak również prześladowania w

addition many Christians also migrated zusätzlich|||| furthermore||||

to Europe the church at that time lacked |||||||fehlte es an |||religious institution||||was missing

the backbone of a monastic tradition and |Rückgrat|||klösterlich|| |central support structure|||||

was still suffering from the aftermath |||||Nachwirkungen ||enduring the effects|||lingering effects

of heresies but anyway there are reports |Häresien|||||

saying that many Christians existed in

North Africa but how did this religion

expand more and more in the areas where

Romans ruled diminished fast over time |herrschten|||| ||gradually weakened|||

being embraced by less than 10% of the |angenommen von weniger||||| |adopted by|||||

population in North Africa today birth

of Islam rapid expansion the few

populations of North Africa were

expelled are converted to Islam forced to convert||||

population growth and expansion of Islam |Increase||||

more and more before the birth of Islam

Arabs followed a pre-islamic local

polytheism it's believed that Islam

originated Arabia at the start of the

seventh century few centuries after ||several||

Christianity started spread in the new

religion however it was considered that |nevertheless||||

it did not start at that moment but was

believed to be the original faith of

others whom they regard as prophets such |who are considered||||inspired messengers|like them

as Jesus David Moses Abraham and

the presence of Islam in Africa can be

traced to the seventh century on May 6 dated back to||||||

14 ma man advised a number of his early

disciples who were facing persecution by

the polytheistic inhabitants of the

Mecca to seek refuge across the Red Sea

of auxin is LOM spread through military |auxina||LOM|||

conquest trade pilgrimage and

missionaries Arab Muslim forces

conquered vast territories and built

Imperial structures over time most of

the significant expansion occurred

during the reign of rashidun from 632 to ||rule||Rightly Guided Caliphs||

661 which was the reign of the first

four successors of Muhammad the first

Caliphate the ratchet and Caliphate was

established immediately after Muhammad's |imediatamente||

death in 632 this dynasty is

characterized by a 25-year period of

rapid military expansion fighting both

the Sassanid Empire and the Byzantine

Empire by the 650s the Caliphate in

addition to the Arabian Peninsula had

subjugated the Levant to the

Transcaucasus in the north north africa Incorrect context|||||

from egypt to present-day tunisia in the

west and the Iranian plateau to parts of

Central Asia and South Asia in the East

it is not known for sure how they had

success against these two important

powerful empires one reason could be

that the Byzantines and the sassanids ||Bizantinos|||sasanidas

were rivals and possibly had a weak

point due to their fights in 641 during

the reign of caliph Umar even al-kitab

Muslim troops took over current Egypt

and conquered current Libya the

following year Muslims then expanded to ||muçulmanos|||

current Tunisia 647 during the reign of

the third Muslim caliph Uthman upon the |||terceiro califa muçulmano Uthman|terceiro califa muçulmano Uthman||

conquest of North Africa continued under

the Umayyad dynasty which annex parts of |Omeya|||||

Algeria around 680 C II and Morocco the

following year beginning with the

Umayyads the title of the caliph became

hereditary and the Empire expanded |||império|expandido

hugely more and more people converted to significantly||||||

Islam which became a way of life for

many unlike the Coptic Church in Egypt

or the Syrian and Armenian churches

another part of the Middle East the

North African church did not

successfully survive

the Latin speaking Church centered in ||||based in| ||||centrada|

urban areas had made no significant

inroads into rural areas also it's Advances into||||| avanços|||||

believed that no major actions were made

to expand Christianity to the local ||expandir o Cristianismo local|||local

people

Berbers the dominant indigenous Bereberes indígenas dominantes|||

population more Christians of North

Africa came in towns already Christian

and made little attempt to in vandalize ||||||vandalizar

pagan territory in the caliphates non ||||Islamic states| ||||califatos|

Arab people started to convert more and

more to Islam this happened during the

Umayyad period and then especially

during more politically multicultural

ave acid period which saw the Muslim ácido|ácido|||||

population grow from mid ninth century

to the end of the 11th century and

becoming the major religion in the area

also even so large minorities of

Christians continued to live in the

abasa

Syria may have had Christian majority

within its modern borders until the

Mongol invasions of the 13th century the

divisions of the church the internal

problems the sparsely populated harsh ||thinly||severe or difficult

regions in which people lived combined

with the fall of the Byzantine Empire

and their defeat in North Africa and ||loss|||| ||derrota||||

LaVon LaVon

created the situation for Christianity

to be expelled from this region not

totally but the Christian population

represented fewer people every year also

other reasons would be responsible for

this - along with the fall of the

Byzantines in the region and the huge ||||||very large

expansion of Arabs local people were

high influenced by the new culture

traditions and by the new religion

various taxes were put on people in this

time there were taxes for non Arabs |||Non-Arab levies|||

there were taxes for non-muslims |||||não muçulmanos

probably some pagan or Christian people

chose to convert to the new religion for

more benefits local Catholicism came

under pressure when the Muslim regimes

of the almohads and the Almoravids came ||Muslim dynasties||||

into power and the record shows demands ||||||requirements

made that the local Christians of Tunis

convert to Islam

other caliphates existed in the

muslim-majority became more and more

stable as the population grew more and ||||increased|| estável||||||

more Muslim kingdoms continued to ||reinos||

dominate the region for centuries to

come

as many people embrace this religion |||adopt|| |||abraçam||

beyond the former borders of the outside||||| ||além dos antigos limites da|||

caliphates deep into the African

continent India and even Southeast Asia ||||Southeast Asia| ||||sudeste|

as a region stays more under an

influence as the time goes by the

influence becomes stronger under Mamluks |||sob|

and the ottomans as well muslims thrived ||||||prospered ||otomanos||||

even so in the 19th and 20th centuries

European powers had colonies in these

territories and many colonists settled

there wasn't a large impact the majority

embraced Islam centuries ago and the abraçou|||||

ascent wasn't so put on religion as it ascenso no dependía|||||||

was in the 6th or 7th centuries today in

this part of the world large communities

of Christians exist in Syria Lebanon and

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