43. The Siege of Vienna by the Turks
|||维也纳|||
|Siege|||||Ottoman Empire forces
43. Die Belagerung Wiens durch die Türken
43. El asedio de Viena por los turcos
43. O cerco de Viena pelos turcos
43. Осада Вены турками
43. Viyana'nın Türkler Tarafından Kuşatılması
43. Облога Відня турками
43. 土耳其人围攻维也纳
43. 土耳其人圍攻維也納
"Think with what passionate delight The tale was told in Christian halls How Sobieski turned to flight The Moslem from Vienna's walls."
|||||||||||||索比斯基||||||||
|||intense emotional|Intense pleasure||||||follower of Christ|||Sobieski|forced to retreat||||Muslim invaders||Vienna's walls|
|||||||||||||ソビエスキ||||||||
||||||||||||||||||穆斯林|||
"想想那个故事是多么热情洋溢地在基督教的殿堂中讲述的，如何索比斯基让穆斯林从维也纳的城墙上逃走。"
—LORD HOUGHTON.
|霍顿
|Lord Houghton
|霍顿
——霍顿勋爵。
Among the great names that fill the stage of Europe in the last quarter of the seventeenth century—William III., King of England and Holland; Louis XIV., King of France; Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia; and Charles XII.
|||||充满||||||||世纪的最后一个季度|||||||||||||||||||||||||XII(1)
|||||||||the continent||||||||||||||||King of France|Fourteenth|||||||Emperor of Russia|||||Charles the Twelfth
Tra i grandi nomi che riempiono il palcoscenico dell'Europa nell'ultimo quarto del XVII secolo, Guglielmo III, re d'Inghilterra e d'Olanda, Luigi XIV, re di Francia, Pietro il Grande, zar di Russia, e Carlo XII.
在十七世纪最后一个四分之一世纪，填满欧洲舞台的伟大名字中——威廉三世，英格兰和荷兰的国王；路易十四，法国的国王；彼得大帝，俄罗斯的沙皇；还有查理十二世。
of Sweden—the name of John Sobieski, King of Poland, must not be forgotten.
|||||||||波兰||||
||||||John Sobieski|||||||
Sobieski was a national hero rather than a great king.
索比斯基|||||||||
|||||more so than||||
索比斯基是一个民族英雄，而不是一位伟大的国王。
He might well have belonged to the old crusading days, for his head, even now, was full of crusading ideas.
||||||||||||||||||křižáckých|
||||||||十字军|||||||||||
||very likely||been part of||||zealous campaigning spirit|||||||||||
||||||||||||||||||十字军东征|
他很可能属于古老的十字军东征时代，因为即使到现在，他的脑海中仍充满了十字军的思想。
With other Christian rulers he watched the growth of Mohammedanism over Western Europe with increasing anxiety.
与|||||||||伊斯兰教|在||||日益|
|||||||||Islamic faith||||||growing concern
||||||||对|穆罕默德教||||||
与其他基督教统治者一样，他越来越焦虑地关注着穆斯林在西欧的扩张。
For the last two hundred years the Ottoman empire had stood high among the Powers of Europe.
||||||||||||||列强||
|||||||Ottoman Empire|||||||||
||||||||||||||||ヨーロッパ
For the last two hundred years the Ottoman empire had stood high among the Powers of Europe.
在过去的两百年里，奥斯曼帝国在欧洲列强中地位显赫。
Greece was subject to Turkey; parts of Hungary, Austria, and Russia owned her sway.
|||||||||||||nadvláda
|||||||匈牙利||||统治||
||||||||Austrian territories|||||influence or control
希腊处于土耳其的统治之下；匈牙利、奥地利和俄罗斯的一部分也在她的影响之中。
Now in the year 1683 the Turks were marching on Austria's capital, Vienna, and Vienna was totally unprepared for a siege.
|||||||||||||||||||obléhání
|||||土耳其人||进军||奥地利的||||||||||
现在是1683年，土耳其人正在向奥地利的首都维也纳进军，而维也纳完全没有准备好应对围 siege。
The Emperor of Austria was no soldier, so he removed his court to a place some fifteen miles away and calmly awaited events.
|||||||||迁移|||||||||||平静地||
L'imperatore d'Austria non era un soldato, quindi trasferì la sua corte in un luogo distante una quindicina di chilometri e attese con calma gli eventi.
奥地利的皇帝并不是士兵，因此他将朝廷迁移到距离这里约十五英里远的地方，静静地等待事态发展。
The Viennese now turned to Sobieski, the King of Poland, a well-known champion of the Christians, a well-known hater of the Turks.
||||||||||||||||||||nepřítel|||
|维也纳的||||索比斯基|||||||||||||||仇恨者|||
|people of Vienna||appealed to|||||||||||||||||hater|||
维也纳人现在转向索比斯基，波兰国王，他是基督教的著名捍卫者，也是众所周知的厌恨土耳其人的人。
The fate of Austria hung on his reply.
|||||||回复
奥地利的命运悬挂在他的回复上。
To Sobieski the appeal had all the old romance of the Crusades.
|||吸引|||||浪漫|||
|||||||||||Crusades
对索别斯基来说，这个召唤充满了十字军东征的古老浪漫。
"Yes," he answered in haste, "I will come and help you."
||||spěchu||||||
||||quickly or hurriedly||||||
"是的，"他急切地回答，"我会来帮助你。"
And "flinging his powerful frame into the saddle and his great soul into the cause," the King of Poland began eagerly to recruit his scattered army.
|||||||sedlo|||||||||||||||||rozptýlenou|
|把|||身躯|||鞍|||||||||||||||招募|||
|throwing himself into||||||horse's seat|||||||the mission|||||||||||
And "flinging his powerful frame into the saddle and his great soul into the cause," the King of Poland began eagerly to recruit his scattered army.
于是，"他毫不犹豫地骑上马，把他强大的身躯和伟大的灵魂投入到事业中，"波兰国王开始积极招募他分散的军队。
Meanwhile the defence of the city was intrusted to Count Starhemberg.
|||||||委托||伯爵|
|||||||entrusted to|||Count Starhemberg
|||||||委托|给||斯塔赫姆贝格
He instantly set all hands to work.
|immediately|||||
彼は||||||
Si mise subito al lavoro.
他立刻让所有人开始工作。
"Set fire to the suburbs," he ordered.
||||郊区||
||||residential outskirts||
"放火烧掉郊区，"他命令道。
"They shall not serve as cover to the enemy."
|将|||||||
"他们不应成为敌人的掩护。"
The flames rose high around the city, a wind sprang up, and Vienna herself had a narrow escape of being burned to the ground.
||||||||||||||有|||||||||
|||||||||suddenly started||||||||close call||||||
火焰在城市周围高高升起，一阵风刮起，维也纳险些被烧为平地。
Presently the main force of the enemy appeared on the plain in front of Vienna.
||||||||在||平原||||
At this moment||||||||||||||
不久，敌人的主力出现在维也纳前方的平原上。
In a short time thousands of Turkish tents had sprung up, and the camp was alive with bustle and excitement.
|||||||||||||||||ruchem||
|||||||||||||||||喧嚣||
|||||||temporary shelters||||||||||activity and noise||
In breve tempo erano sorte migliaia di tende turche e l'accampamento era animato da un gran fermento.
短时间内，数以千计的土耳其帐篷迅速搭起，营地充满了忙碌和兴奋。
The tents of the Grand Vizier, or Prime Minister, were conspicuous with their green silk worked in gold and silver, their pearls and precious stones, their gorgeous Eastern carpets.
|||的||大宰相|||||显眼||||||||||||||||华丽的||
||||high-ranking|Prime Minister||chief government official|||easily noticeable||||||||||||||||||
||||||||||目立つ||||||||||||||||||
|||||大宰相|||||显眼||||||||||||||||||
大维齐尔或首相的帐篷以金银绣工艺的绿色丝绸而显得格外引人注目，上面镶嵌着珍珠和宝石，还有华丽的东方地毯。
Around them were arranged baths, fountains, flower-gardens, and even a menagerie of animals.
||||浴室|||||||动物园||
|||||fountains||||||collection of animals||
|||||||||||動物園||
|||||||||||动物园||
Om hen heen waren baden, fonteinen, bloementuinen en zelfs een menagerie van dieren opgesteld.
周围布置着浴池、喷泉、花园，甚至还有一个动物园。
From time to time the Grand Vizier, in gorgeously embroidered robes, was carried out in a litter to inspect the works.
||||||||华丽地|华丽刺绣的|||||||轿子||视察||
||||||||sumptuously|decorated with needlework|||||||portable seat||||
||||||||华丽地||||||||||||
Di tanto in tanto il Gran Visir, in abiti splendidamente ricamati, veniva portato in lettiga per ispezionare i lavori.
Van tijd tot tijd werd de grootvizier, in prachtig geborduurde gewaden, in een draagstoel gedragen om de werken te inspecteren.
不时，大维齐尔身穿华丽的刺绣长袍，被抬出去巡视工地。
The siege had begun in real earnest.
||||||真正
||||||serious effort
L'assedio era iniziato sul serio.
围困真正开始了。
Assault followed assault.
袭击||
攻撃||
一轮接一轮的攻击。
Day by day Stahremberg climbed up the lofty fretted spire of the cathedral church in the heart of Vienna; he looked gloomily over the busy Turkish camp and owned sadly to himself that the Turks were gaining ground inch by inch.
|||斯塔雷姆贝格||||高耸的||尖塔|||大教堂||||||||||||||||承认||||||||||||
Each day|||a person|ascended|ascended||high and grand|ornamented or decorated|tall tower||||||||||||with despair|||||||||||||||||||
||||||||雕刻精美的|尖塔|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
斯塔赫伦伯格日复一日地攀登维也纳市中心那座高耸的哥特式大教堂尖塔；他阴沉地俯瞰着忙碌的土耳其营地，心中悲伤地承认土耳其人一点一点地在取得进展。
Sickness and famine followed, and still Sobieski did not come.
Illness||extreme food shortage|||||||
疾病和饥荒随之而来，但索比斯基仍然没有来。
Sobieski had left Poland a few days after the siege had begun in July, but the way was long; he himself was stout and heavy.
|||||||||||||||这条|||||||壮实||
||||||||||||||||||||||overweight||
索比斯基在七月围攻开始后几天离开了波兰，但路途遥远；他本人又肥又重。
It was the end of August before he reached the outskirts of Vienna.
||||||||||okrajích||
||||||||||郊区||
||||||||||edge of town||
直到八月底他才抵达维也纳郊区。
Here he found a little crowd of German princes awaiting him, together with Duke Charles of Lorraine, ancestor of the Imperial House of Austria.
|||||||||等待|||||查尔斯||洛林|||||||
||||||||noble rulers||||||||Region in France|forebear||||||
在这里，他发现一小群德国 princes 正在等待他，还有洛林公爵查尔斯，奥地利皇室的祖先。
Here was the Hanoverian prince, afterwards George I. of England; here was Eugene of Savoy, the colleague of Marlborough at Blenheim; here were men who had fought in the battle of the Boyne, veterans of the Thirty Years' War,—all united in a common cause.
|||汉诺威|||乔治||||||尤金||萨伏伊||||马尔博罗||布伦海姆||||||||||||博因|老兵|||||||||||
|||German royal house||later known as|||||||Prince of Savoy||House of Savoy||partner in arms||Duke of Marlborough||Battle of Blenheim||||||||||||Battle of Boyne||||||||||||shared goal
|||汉诺威|||||||||||萨伏伊||||马尔堡||布伦海姆||||||||||||||||||||||||
这里是汉诺威王子，后来成为英格兰的乔治一世；这里是萨伏依的尤金，与马尔博罗在布伦海姆合作的人；这里有在博因河战役中作战的人，三十年战争的老兵们——所有人都团结在一个共同的事业中。
"We have not come to save a single city, but the whole of Christendom," said John Sobieski, as preparations for an attack on the Turks went forward.
||||||||||||||||||准备||||||||
|||||||||||||Christian world|||||arrangements||||||||
"我们不是来拯救一个城市，而是整个基督教世界，"约翰·索别斯基在准备向土耳其人发起攻击时说道。
Marching to within four miles of Vienna, the Christian army occupied the heights of the Kahlenberg.
||||||维也纳|||||||||卡伦山
|||||||||||||||Kahlenberg Heights
|||||||||||||||卡伦山
基督教军队行进到离维也纳四英里处，占领了卡伦山的高地。
The sun was just setting on the evening of September 11 when Sobieski and his generals stood on the crest of the hill.
太阳||||落下|||傍晚||||索比斯基|||||||山顶|||
||||going down||||||||||||||top of hill|||
在9月11日的傍晚，太阳正缓缓落下，索比斯基和他的将领们站在山顶。
They could hear the Turkish cannonade raging vigorously, they could hear the feeble reply from the despairing garrison within the town.
|||||||energicky|||||||||||||
|||||炮火|||||||微弱||||||||
|||||intense artillery fire|fiercely ongoing|with great intensity|||||weak and faint||||losing all hope|defending military force|||
|||||砲撃|||||||||||||||
||||||||||||微弱||||||||
他们能听到土耳其炮火猛烈轰鸣，也能听到城内绝望的守军微弱的反击声。
But Sobieski's rockets from the Kahlenberg brought new hope to the brave defenders, and Stahremberg despatched a messenger with a few urgent words: "No time to be lost!—no time indeed to be lost!"
|索比斯基的||||卡伦山|||||||||斯塔雷姆贝格|||信使||||||没有||||||||||
|Sobieski's rockets|rockets|||||||||||||sent||courier||||immediate||||||||||||
|索比斯基的|火箭|||||||||||||||信使||||||||||||||||
但是来自卡伦贝格的索比斯基火箭给勇敢的防御者带来了新的希望，斯塔赫伦堡派遣了一名信使，带着几句紧急的话："无暇耽搁！——确实没有时间可以耽搁！"
Morning dawned misty and hot.
||雾蒙蒙的||
|began|foggy||
早晨的天空雾蒙蒙的，热气逼人。
The fate of Vienna depended on the events of the day.
维也纳||||||||||
维也纳的命运取决于今天的事件。
The army of the Christians began with a solemn service in the little chapel on the heights of the Kahlen-berg.
||||||||slavnostní||||||||||||
|||||||||礼拜|||||||||||山
||||||||serious and formal|||||small church||||||Kahlen Mountain|mountain
|||||||||||||||||||卡伦|
基督教徒的军队在卡伦山的山顶小教堂开始了庄重的仪式。
Then a standard with a white cross on a red ground was unfurled amid shouts of enthusiasm, and the leaders of the great army moved forward.
||旗帜||||||||背景|||||||||||||||
||flag or banner||||||||||opened up|among|loud cheers||great excitement|||||||||
||||||||||||展开|||||||||||||
然后在热情的欢呼声中，一面白色十字架的红色旗帜被展开，伟大军队的领导者们向前迈进。
The sky-blue doublet of John Sobieski marked him out above his fellows, as the descent of the wooded slopes towards Vienna began.
|||上衣|||||||||||||||||||
|||fitted jacket||||distinguished||||||||downward movement|||covered with trees|hillsides|towards||
||||||||||||同伴|||下坡||||山坡|||
约翰·索比斯基的天蓝色外套使他在同伴中显得格外突出，随着朝维也纳的林木坡道开始下行。
The Grand Vizier's preparations for the battle were somewhat different.
大||大维齐尔的|||||||
||chief advisor's|||||||
||大宰相の|||||||
||大维齐尔的|准备||||||
I preparativi del Gran Visir per la battaglia erano un po' diversi.
He slaughtered thirty thousand captives in cold blood and then ordered the advance.
|屠杀|||俘虏||||||||
|killed brutally|||prisoners of war||||||||
他冷酷地屠杀了三万名俘虏，然后下令前进。
Down the slopes poured the Christian army like a whirlwind, while the shout, "Long live Sobieski!"
||svahy|||||||||||||
|||||||||旋风||||万岁||索比斯基
|||rushed down||||||fierce storm|while||loud cheer|||
|||||||||旋風||||||
|||||||||旋风||||||
基督教军队如同旋风般倾泻而下，口号响起：“索比斯基万岁！”
rolled along the lines.
moved smoothly along|||
在部队的队伍中回荡。
With all their faults the Turks did not know cowardice; they fought as brave men, but they could not withstand the rush of the Christian army.
|||||||||zbabělost||||||||||||||||
|||缺点||||||懦弱||||||||||||||||
|||shortcomings||||||lack of bravery||||||||||resist||||||
|||||||||懦弱||||||||||||||||
尽管土耳其人有诸多缺陷，但他们并不知道怯懦。他们像勇士一样战斗，但无法抵挡基督教军队的冲击。
"Can you not help me?"
"你就不能帮我吗？"
cried the Vizier in despair to one of his pashas.
|||||||||帕夏
|||||||||high-ranking officials
|||||||||パシャ
|||||||||帕夏
大维齐尔绝望地对他的一个帕夏喊道。
"No," was the answer.
"I know the King of Poland.
It is impossible to resist him.
他是无法抵抗的。
Think only of flight."
只想着逃跑。
Panic-stricken, the Turks fled, away through the wasted suburbs of Vienna, towards the frontier of Hungary.
|惊慌的|||||||荒废的||||||边界||匈牙利
|stricken|||||||devastated||||||border or boundary||
惊恐万状的土耳其人逃离，穿过维也纳荒废的郊区，朝着匈牙利的边境奔去。
The Grand Vizier, weeping and cursing by turns, was hurried along with the stream.
|||||||||||||水流
|||crying||uttering profanities||alternately||||||flow of events
Il Gran Visir, piangendo e imprecando a turno, si affrettò a seguire il flusso.
大维齐尔时而悲泣，时而咒骂，被急匆匆地推向人群。
By evening communication with Vienna was established, and Stahremberg led forth his starving garrison to greet his deliverers.
||通信||||||斯塔赫伦贝格|带领||||||迎接||
|||||||||guided|||desperately hungry|military force||||rescuers
|||||||||||||守備隊||||
到傍晚，已与维也纳建立了联系，斯塔赫伦贝格带着他饥饿的守军出来迎接解救他们的人。
Amid the shouts of the people John Sobieski entered Vienna, the city which he had saved from the Turks.
在人民的欢呼声中，约翰·索别斯基进入了维也纳，这座他拯救了免受土耳其人侵害的城市。
"How will the Emperor receive him?"
怎样|将|||接待|
"Come lo accoglierà l'Imperatore?".
"皇帝将如何接见他？"
the people asked in their joy; "for he has saved the empire."
|||在||||||||
||asked|||||||||
chiese il popolo nella sua gioia; "perché ha salvato l'impero".
人们在欢欣中询问；"因为他拯救了帝国。"
They might well question.
他们|||
他们当然有理由疑问。
The Emperor received the deliverer of his people with a few cold words in Latin, for he was jealous of Sobieski's success.
这位||||||||||||||||||嫉妒|||
||||deliverer||||||||||||||envious of Sobieski|||
||||救い主|||||||||||||||||
||||拯救者|||||||||||||||||
皇帝用几句冷漠的拉丁语接见了他人民的解救者，因为他嫉妒索别斯基的成功。
The King of Poland saw how matters stood.
|||波兰||事情||处于
||||||situation or affairs|
波兰国王看出了事情的真相。
With a courteous chivalry that might have belonged to the middle ages, he saluted the Austrian emperor.
|||rytířství|||||||||||||
||礼貌的|||||||||||||奥地利|
||polite and respectful|knightly respect||||||||||paid respects to|||
|||||||||||||向...致敬|||
以一种可能属于中世纪的礼貌骑士精神，他向奥地利皇帝致以敬意。
"I am happy, sire, to have been able to render you this slight service," he said simply.
|||||||||给|||||||
|||Your Majesty||||||provide|||||||
"我很高兴，殿下，能够为您提供这微不足道的服务，"他简单地说道。
A general chorus of admiration and thanksgiving arose from Europe.
一|普遍的|合唱||赞赏|||发出||
||unified expression||praise||gratitude|arose||
欧洲响起了一片赞美和感谢的合唱。
John Sobieski had not only saved Austria's capital, but he had destroyed the growing power of Turkey and forced the Mohammedans back to their own dominions.
||||||||||||||||||||Muslim forces|||||own territories
||||||||||||||||||||ムスリム|||||
约翰·索比斯基不仅拯救了奥地利的首都，还摧毁了土耳其不断增长的势力，并迫使穆斯林退回他们自己的领土。
