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Inter-War Period (between WW 1 and II), Rule Britannia, Britannia Rules the Salt - The British Empire | BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1930 Part 1 of 1 - YouTube (2)

Rule Britannia, Britannia Rules the Salt - The British Empire | BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1930 Part 1 of 1 - YouTube (2)

spreads across India. Mainstream political nationalists also now switch back to activism.

In December 1929, the Congress, under the leadership of the more radical Jawaharlal

Nehru, authorizes a renewed Civil Disobedience Movement for complete independence.

It is Gandhi that turns this into a movement that will send ripples throughout the Empire

and the rest of the world. Under the India Salt Act of 1882, there is a British monopoly

on the collection and manufacturing of salt. So even in regions by the sea, where you can

technically just collect your salt yourself, which people have been doing so for thousands

and thousands of years, Indians now have to buy their salt from the British. There is

also a tax on salt sales so that revenues from the salt monopoly make up from 4 to 9%

of the Raj's income.

The British administration fails at first to understand that a purely administrative

matter like this is an explosive target for protest, but Gandhi is certain that he has

picked the right target. You see, to animate the people he needs something that matters

to all of the people, especially the poor. And since you can't live without salt, this

is the one. On March 12, 1930, Gandhi and 78 followers begin a 200 mile march from the

banks of the Sabarmati river to Dandi. Along the way Gandhi collects salt form the sea,

encourages others to do so, and holds public addresses. When he arrives at Dandi on April

6, he once again collects salt, and has set in motion a wave of civil disobedience of

massive proportions.

Across India, Gandhi's followers of non-violent resistance, the satyagrahis now march to collect

salt on the shores of Bengal, Orissa, Madras, Andhra, and Kerala. Gandhi declares that “Salt

in the hands of satyagrahis, represents the honor of the nation. It cannot be yielded

up, except to force that will break the hand to pieces” and the movement is now gaining

a mass following.

Widespread boycotts of British goods follow, with the import of foreign cloth falling from

160 million to 48 million yards. The British soon crack down, and both Nehru and Gandhi

are arrested. In May, 2500 volunteers march to the Dharsana Salt Works in a non-violent

raid, they face brutal police assaults. Overall, 60,000 Satyagrahis are arrested in this first

phase of the movement, which fails to produce definite results, but has two major effects.

First of all, it creates widespread foreign support for the Indian independence movement

as Gandhi's Salt March is in headlines and newsreels all over the world. Gandhi becomes

what he remains in 2019; a worldwide symbol for passive resistance against oppression

- Time Magazine makes him man of the year 1930. Second of all, these images of one man

draped only in cloth simply walking and collecting salt in defiance of the greatest power on

the planet, broadcasts to the world that the British Empire might not be as invincible

as everyone thought.

It also sends a shockwave to the British Government; can it continue to rely on its Empire as an

economic and military guarantee?

And this can't come at a worse time. You see, Great Britain has kinda painted itself

into a corner. In 1921 she broke off her alliance with the Japanese Empire, who was flexing

its muscles in the Pacific. They are also at loggerheads with the Americans, who are

calling for Britain to reduce its Naval strength to be on a par with its own. In fact, in 1928,

Anglo-American relations are so low that British Acting Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,

Lord Cushenden, declares that “war is not unthinkable between the two countries. On

the contrary, there are present all the factors which in the past have made wars between states.”

Britain is being pushed and pulled from all over the place

Its Naval supremacy is being challenged and the territories which supported her in the

last war are looking increasingly insecure. Loyalty to the motherland is still strong

in many Dominions, but this is tempered by a reluctance to enter another massive war,

with no legal force compelling them to do so if it should break out. Now, imagine if

some of her European neighbors should soon rise up and challenge the world by starting

renewed aggressive expansion into other sovereign nations, will the greatest power in the world

still be able to stand up to that like she did in 1914, or will she see no other way

out than appeasement?

Rule Britannia, Britannia Rules the Salt - The British Empire | BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1930 Part 1 of 1 - YouTube (2) Rule Britannia, Britannia Rules the Salt - Das Britische Empire | ZWISCHEN 2 KRIEGEN I 1930 Teil 1 von 1 - YouTube (2) Rule Britannia, Britannia Rules the Salt - El Imperio Británico | ENTRE 2 GUERRAS I 1930 Parte 1 de 1 - YouTube (2) ルール・ブリタニア、ブリタニアが塩を支配する - 大英帝国｜BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1930 前編 - YouTube (2) 브리타니아를 지배하라, 브리타니아가 소금을 지배하다 - 대영 제국 | 2대 전쟁 중 1930년 1부 - YouTube (2) Rule Britannia, Britannia Rules the Salt - Imperium Brytyjskie | MIĘDZY 2 WOJNAMI I 1930 Część 1 z 1 - YouTube (2) Rule Britannia, Britannia Rules the Salt - O Império Britânico | ENTRE AS 2 GUERRAS I 1930 Parte 1 de 1 - YouTube (2) Rule Britannia, Britannia Rules the Salt - The British Empire | BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1930 Part 1 of 1 - YouTube (2) 统治不列颠尼亚，不列颠统治盐业-大英帝国|第一次世界大战 1930 年（第 1 部分，共 1 部分） - YouTube (2)

spreads across India. Mainstream political nationalists also now switch back to activism. ||||||||cambian a||| se répand dans toute l'Inde. Les nationalistes politiques traditionnels se tournent à nouveau vers l'activisme.

In December 1929, the Congress, under the leadership of the more radical Jawaharlal

Nehru, authorizes a renewed Civil Disobedience Movement for complete independence. Nehru autorise la reprise du mouvement de désobéissance civile en faveur de l'indépendance totale.

It is Gandhi that turns this into a movement that will send ripples throughout the Empire ||||||||||||涟漪|整个|| ||||||||||||ondas expansivas||| C'est Gandhi qui en fait un mouvement qui fera des vagues dans tout l'Empire.

and the rest of the world. Under the India Salt Act of 1882, there is a British monopoly et le reste du monde. En vertu de la loi indienne sur le sel de 1882, les Britanniques ont le monopole de la production de sel.

on the collection and manufacturing of salt. So even in regions by the sea, where you can |||||||所以||||||||| sur la collecte et la fabrication du sel. Ainsi, même dans les régions de bord de mer, où l'on peut

technically just collect your salt yourself, which people have been doing so for thousands

and thousands of years, Indians now have to buy their salt from the British. There is ||||||||||sal.|||||

also a tax on salt sales so that revenues from the salt monopoly make up from 4 to 9%

of the Raj's income. du revenu du Raj.

The British administration fails at first to understand that a purely administrative L'administration britannique ne comprend pas, dans un premier temps, que l'on ne peut pas faire un travail purement administratif.

matter like this is an explosive target for protest, but Gandhi is certain that he has |||||爆炸性|||||||||| Un tel sujet est une cible explosive pour les protestations, mais Gandhi est certain qu'il a

picked the right target. You see, to animate the people he needs something that matters |||||||激励||||||| a choisi la bonne cible. Vous voyez, pour animer les gens, il a besoin de quelque chose d'important

to all of the people, especially the poor. And since you can't live without salt, this à tous les habitants, en particulier aux pauvres. Et comme on ne peut pas vivre sans sel, cette

is the one. On March 12, 1930, Gandhi and 78 followers begin a 200 mile march from the est le bon. Le 12 mars 1930, Gandhi et 78 de ses partisans entament une marche de 200 miles depuis le centre de la ville.

banks of the Sabarmati river to Dandi. Along the way Gandhi collects salt form the sea, de la Sabarmati jusqu'à Dandi. En chemin, Gandhi recueille le sel de la mer,

encourages others to do so, and holds public addresses. When he arrives at Dandi on April Il encourage d'autres personnes à faire de même et tient des discours publics. Lorsqu'il arrive à Dandi le

6, he once again collects salt, and has set in motion a wave of civil disobedience of |||||||发动|在||||||| 6, il ramasse à nouveau du sel et déclenche une vague de désobéissance civile d'un montant de

massive proportions.

Across India, Gandhi's followers of non-violent resistance, the satyagrahis now march to collect |||||||||真理行动者||||

salt on the shores of Bengal, Orissa, Madras, Andhra, and Kerala. Gandhi declares that “Salt

in the hands of satyagrahis, represents the honor of the nation. It cannot be yielded ||||||||||||||让步 ||||satyagrahis|||||||||| entre les mains des satyagrahis, représente l'honneur de la nation. Il ne peut être cédé

up, except to force that will break the hand to pieces” and the movement is now gaining Le mouvement est en train de prendre de l'ampleur et de se développer.

a mass following.

Widespread boycotts of British goods follow, with the import of foreign cloth falling from |抵制|||||||||||| Generalizados||||||||||||| Un boycott généralisé des produits britanniques s'ensuit, l'importation de tissus étrangers chutant de

160 million to 48 million yards. The British soon crack down, and both Nehru and Gandhi |||||||采取行动|||||| 160 millions à 48 millions de verges. Les Britanniques ne tardent pas à sévir, et Nehru et Gandhi

are arrested. In May, 2500 volunteers march to the Dharsana Salt Works in a non-violent

raid, they face brutal police assaults. Overall, 60,000 Satyagrahis are arrested in this first |||||袭击|||||||

phase of the movement, which fails to produce definite results, but has two major effects. phase du mouvement, qui ne produit pas de résultats définitifs, mais qui a deux effets majeurs.

First of all, it creates widespread foreign support for the Indian independence movement Tout d'abord, il crée un large soutien étranger au mouvement d'indépendance de l'Inde

as Gandhi's Salt March is in headlines and newsreels all over the world. Gandhi becomes |甘地的||||||||||||| alors que la Marche du sel de Gandhi fait la une des journaux et des actualités du monde entier. Gandhi devient

what he remains in 2019; a worldwide symbol for passive resistance against oppression

- Time Magazine makes him man of the year 1930. Second of all, these images of one man

draped only in cloth simply walking and collecting salt in defiance of the greatest power on 披着|||||||||在|||||| simplement marcher et ramasser du sel au mépris de la plus grande puissance du monde.

the planet, broadcasts to the world that the British Empire might not be as invincible ||transmite|||||||||||| de la planète, annonce au monde que l'Empire britannique n'est peut-être pas aussi invincible

as everyone thought.

It also sends a shockwave to the British Government; can it continue to rely on its Empire as an ||||冲击波|||||||||||||| Elle constitue également une onde de choc pour le gouvernement britannique, qui doit se demander s'il peut continuer à s'appuyer sur son empire pour assurer la sécurité de ses citoyens.

economic and military guarantee?

And this can't come at a worse time. You see, Great Britain has kinda painted itself Et cela ne pouvait pas tomber plus mal. En effet, la Grande-Bretagne s'est en quelque sorte peinte

into a corner. In 1921 she broke off her alliance with the Japanese Empire, who was flexing |||||||||||||||展示力量 |||||rompió con|||||||||| dans un coin. En 1921, elle rompt son alliance avec l'Empire du Japon, qui est en train d'assouplir sa politique de sécurité.

its muscles in the Pacific. They are also at loggerheads with the Americans, who are |||||||||对立||||| dans le Pacifique. Ils sont également à couteaux tirés avec les Américains, qui sont

calling for Britain to reduce its Naval strength to be on a par with its own. In fact, in 1928, ||||||||||处于||平等||||||

Anglo-American relations are so low that British Acting Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, |美国||||||||||||| Les relations anglo-américaines sont si mauvaises que le secrétaire d'État britannique par intérim aux affaires étrangères,

Lord Cushenden, declares that “war is not unthinkable between the two countries. On Lord Cushenden, déclare que "la guerre n'est pas impensable entre les deux pays. Le

the contrary, there are present all the factors which in the past have made wars between states.” Au contraire, tous les facteurs qui, dans le passé, ont provoqué des guerres entre Etats sont présents".

Britain is being pushed and pulled from all over the place La Grande-Bretagne est poussée et tirée de partout

Its Naval supremacy is being challenged and the territories which supported her in the Sa suprématie navale est remise en cause et les territoires qui l'ont soutenue dans l'opération de l

last war are looking increasingly insecure. Loyalty to the motherland is still strong |||||不安全||||||| La loyauté envers la mère patrie reste forte. La loyauté envers la patrie reste forte

in many Dominions, but this is tempered by a reluctance to enter another massive war, ||领地||||被削弱|||不情愿|||||

with no legal force compelling them to do so if it should break out. Now, imagine if ||||强制||||||||||||

some of her European neighbors should soon rise up and challenge the world by starting

renewed aggressive expansion into other sovereign nations, will the greatest power in the world

still be able to stand up to that like she did in 1914, or will she see no other way 仍然||||站|||||||||||||| sera-t-elle encore capable de s'y opposer comme elle l'a fait en 1914, ou ne verra-t-elle pas d'autre moyen de le faire ?

out than appeasement? ||安抚 que l'apaisement ?