Clauses

Word order in Swedish is similar to English, however, in Swedish, verb always goes second:

Jag går hem nu. - I am going home now.
Nu går jag hem. - Now I am going home.

Main Clauses

Those above are examples of the main clauses. The word order in the main clause is subject verb object preposition. However, any of these parts can be placed at the front of the sentence and in that case the subject must come after the verb:

Jag köpte ett äpple i affären. - I bought an apple in the store.
Ett äpple, köpte jag i affären. - An apple, I bought in the store.
I affären köpte jag ett äpple. - In the store, I bought an apple.

If we have an adverb in the sentence, it goes after the verb, though it too can be placed at the front:

Jag köper alltid äpplen i affären. - I always buy apples in the store.
Alltid köper jag äpplen i affären. - I always buy apples in the store.

Adverb here is alltid - always. The sentences have essentially the same meaning but different emphasis.

Subordinate Clauses

Subordinate clauses start with a subordinating conjunction, for instance att (that), om (if), när (when). The subject follows immediately after, followed by the verb. If there is an adverb in the sentence, it goes before the verb.

Jag vet att jag inte köpte ett äpple i affären. - I know that I did not buy an apple in the store.
Hon kommer när lektionen är slut. - She is coming when the lecture is over.

Main Clause		Subordinate Clause
Jag	vet	att	jag	inte	köpte	ett äpple	i affären.
Hon	kommer	när	lektionen	-	är slut.	-	-
subject	verb	subordinating conjuction	subject	adverb	verb	object	preposition

Some other subordinating conjunctions:

eftersom - because
då - as/since
för att - in order that
tills - until
därför att - because
fast/fastän - although
medan - while
så att - so that
trots att - despite/in spite of

Questions

The most common question words:

vem - who
vad - what
var - where
vart - where to
varifrån - from where
när - when
hur - how
varför - why
vilken - which (en-words)
vilket - which (ett-words)
vilka - which (plural)

Questions start with a question word or question phrase (e.g. hur länge - how long), which is followed by a verb and then a noun/subject:

Vad heter du? - What is your name? (literally: What are you called?)
Varifrån kommer du? - Where do you come from?
Hur länge har du varit i Sverige? - How long have you been in Sweden?

Yes/no questions always begin with the verb and is followed by the subject:

Heter du Anna? - Is your name Anna?
Kommer du ifrån Sverige? - Are you from Sweden?
Har du varit i Sverige länge? - Have you been in Sweden for a long time?